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The Success of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in...

The Success of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in October 1917 The Bolshevik seizure of power or coup de’tat of October 25th, 1917 was a culmination of both internal and external failure to satisfy the needs of an oppressed Russian society. In contrast to the spontaneous revolts earlier in 1917, the Bolshevik revolution was ‘a carefully planned plot carried out by ‘professional’ revolutionaries.’[1] The victory of the Marxist Lenin’s Bolsheviks was due to the failure of the Provisional Government in response to land policies; their failure to gain support from the masses; the lack of ‘real’ authority of the Provisional Government and the military failure of the army. Secondly, the failure of the†¦show more content†¦The Bolshevik revolution came to prominence because of the Provisional Government’s inability to gain support from the Russian population. ‘The government enjoyed little confidence amongst the masses; and many of its members were largely unknown to the new Russia that had burst upon the political scene.’[3] Kerensky himself comments on the problematic circumstances his government experienced, ‘the old (governmental machine) had disappeared; the new was not yet established.’ The support of the peasantry was critical in establishing popular rule, as historian Richard Abraham comments, ‘the largest social class in Russia was still the peasantry. Their reaction to the coming social conflict would be crucial – not least because peasant lads in grey coats were armed.’ While Prince Lvov and his cronies did inherit everything the old regime had deserted in chaos and acknowledged ‘the solution of the problem requires, if not years, at least several months.’ The Provisional Government failed to identify growing areas of concern within the Russian empire, proving fatal to the common perception of the government. ‘Industrial chaos, ineffectiveShow MoreRelatedThe Major Causes Of The Russia n Revolution Of 1917889 Words   |  4 PagesRussian Revolution of 1917, by definition, was a series of revolts against the Russian Tsar, Nicholas II. The background of the Revolution started with many political groups emerging in the 1800s and 1900s (Marxists, Liberals, Nationalists, and Peasant socialists being the most notable). Then, the Marxists split, forming Lenin and the Bolsheviks. On top of new political groups emerging, a slow in economy, a losing effort in wars, and the â€Å"Bloody Sunday† massacres also created unrest in Russia. AlsoRead MoreThe Life of Leon Trotsky Essay1462 Words   |  6 Pagesremoval of the Tsar during the Russian Revolution, Trotsky returned to Russia in May 1917. In August 1917, Trotsky joined the Central Committee of the Bolshevik party whose leader was none other than Vladimir Lenin. Trotsky assumed key roles in the events and policies concerning the Bolshevik Government, which included the Bolshevik Revolution, Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the Civil War and views on Russias economic policies. The Bolshevik party focused on their one aim: overthrowRead MoreThe Bolshevik Revolution of October 1917-Essay Review1428 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1917, in the midst of the Great War, Russia faced one of the biggest political shifts that the Tsarist-ruled country had ever known-the Bolshevik Revolution. There are two significant time frames associated with the Bolshevik Revolution. In the February revolution Tsar Nicholas II abdicated his throne and a Provisional Government took control. In the October revolution the Bolsheviks took power by overthrowing the Provisional Government. How did the October revolution become a reality? WhatRead MorePoor Living and Working Conditions as the Reason for Bolsheviks Seizure of Power in 1917738 Words   |  3 PagesPoor Living and Working Conditions as the Reason for Bolsheviks Seizure of Power in 1917 Around eighty percent of Russia’s population were peasants who lived in communities. Living and working conditions for most peasants were dreadful, famine and starvation were common. People worked for long hours, their wages were low and rent was high. In factory towns people lived in overcrowded slums and there were very few sanitary facilities. Poor living and working conditions existedRead MoreVladimir Lenin805 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Bolshevik (meaning Majority) faction of the Russian Social and Democratic Labour Party and took power in the October Revolution of 1917. He was born in the city of Simbirsk in 1870 and studied Law at Kazan university, where he was introduced to Marxist literature. His brother Alexandr was involved in a plot to assassinate Tsar Alexandr III and executed. He spent some time in internal exile in Siberia before being exiled from Russia. It was in London that he formed his Bolshevik factionRead MoreThe Russian Revolution And The Soviet Revolution Essay1196 Words   |  5 PagesRussian People and Their Revolution, 1917-21. London: UCL Press, 1996. Read, Christopher. From Tsar to Soviets: The Russian People and Their Revolution, 1917-21. London: UCL Press, 1996. pp. 6, 63. Christopher Read, the author of the book From Tsar to Soviets: The Russian People and Their Revolution, 1917-21, is a professor at the University of Warwick in Europe. Read teaches twentieth-century European history. He specializes in the social history of the Russian Revolution and the intellectual historyRead MoreEssay on Account For the Success of the Bolsheviks in October 19171936 Words   |  8 PagesAccount For the Success of the Bolsheviks in October 1917 At the beginning of 1917 most of the Bolsheviks were in exile but by the end of 1917 the Bolshevik party had not only consolidated control of Moscow and Petrograd, but they were also advancing on the rest of the country. This success was due to several linked factors; the Bolshevik policy of non-cooperation, weakness of the Provisional Government, division of alternative opposition, Lenins leadership skills,Read MoreWas the October 1917 Revolution a key turning point in the modernisation of Russia?1449 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿History Coursework – B Question To what extent do you consider that the October 1917 Revolution was a key turning point in the development of modern Russia in the years 1856-1964? The October 1917 Revolution is undoubtedly a momentous and extremely important event in Russia’s history, one that ousted the centuries-old Tsardom that ruled over the empire, in favour of the radical communist movement in the form of the Bolsheviks, headed by one Vladimir Iliych Lenin. However, did this sudden move fromRead MoreVladimir Lenin And The Revolutionary Revolution913 Words   |  4 Pagestwentieth century, Russia was overtaken by the clash of two ideologies that represented a social, political and economic world order; one that at the time was the capitalist system and the other of revolutionary socialism. After the February Revolution 1917, Vladimir Lenin returned from exile and published a series of directives in an effort to channel the revolutionary energy to an uncompromised movement; prominently known as the â€Å"April Theses.† Moreover, later on December 1917, Lenin’s argumentRead MoreLenin s The Bolshevik Party1270 Words   |  6 PagesWhil e organizing the Bolshevik party in the lead up to the October 1917 insurrection, Lenin navigated the fundamental contradictions of socialism with relative ease. In Lenin’s ‘April Theses,’ published after his return to Russia, he advocated for a transfer of all state power â€Å"to the hands of the proletariat and the poorest sections of the peasants. † When compared to the positions of Lenin’s fellow Bolsheviks in April of 1917, he appeared radically committed to Marxist ideology. Indeed, Suny states

Discuss Austen(TM)s use of Mr Elliot in Persuasion Free Essays

Austen uses Mr Elliot in various ways in Persuasion, this ranges from gaining an insight into other people’s characters to contributing to the romance genre. Austen mainly uses Mr Elliot as a plot device in Book Two of the novel after Anne’s arrival in Bath. The use of Mr Elliot’s character can be tied into most of the major themes of the novel. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss Austen(TM)s use of Mr Elliot in Persuasion or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first mention of Mr Elliot in Persuasion is in the fist chapter of Book One. We find out that he is the heir presumptive to the Baronetcy, through Sir Walter who is reading the Baronetage. We can see that this is important to Sir Walter as he has added, â€Å"Heir presumptive, William Walter Elliot, Esq.† to the pages in the book referring to the Elliot’s. This shows how class conscious Sir Walter is, it is blatantly obvious that Austen is ridiculing Sir Walter for being too class conscious. However later in the novel we see that whilst she does not approve of how class conscious Sir Walter is, Austen is still a woman of her time and we see that she is class conscious, through Anne’s reactions, but not to the degree that Sir Walter is. In the same chapter we also find out more about Mr Elliot’s past relationship with the Elliot family, in particular with Elizabeth and Sir Walter, to an extent. We see that Mr Elliot has disappointed her, â€Å"the heir presumptive †¦ had disappointed her† even though she had â€Å"found him extremely agreeable†. However instead of marrying Elizabeth, Mr Elliot sought independence and married â€Å"a rich woman of inferior birth.† This leads to all acquaintance between the ceasing as Mr Elliot had slighted Sir Walter and had â€Å"shewn himself as unsolicitous of being longer noticed by the family†. The next time we meet Mr Elliot is in the last chapter of Book One, where Anne and the Musgroves are in Lyme with Captain Wentworth. This chapter is where Mr Elliot sees Anne for the first time and where he is first seen as a potential rival for Anne’s attention and affection, â€Å"Anne’s face caught his eye, and he looked at her with a degree of earnest admiration†. Wentworth in turn notices how Mr Elliot looks at Anne and even he can â€Å"see something like Anne Elliot again†. Mr Elliot paying attention to Anne shows that se is once again in â€Å"bloom†. In this chapter through Anne and the others in Lyme that Mr Elliot is in mourning, therefore his wife has only died relatively recently. When the ‘mystery gentleman’ is identified as Mr Elliot by the party in Lyme, we see that Austen highlights Mary’s class snobbery. We next see Mr Elliot in Chapter Three of Book Two, however the reaction to him is much more positive than it was in the first book. We see that despite his previous grievances against them Elizabeth and Sir Walter readily forgive Mr Elliot and are even happy to renew their acquaintance. In this chapter we see that the relationship between Mr Elliot and Anne improves and we see that he is clearly attracted to her. This is where the possibility of Mr Elliot standing as a rival against Wentworth for Anne’s affections becomes a reality. In the next chapter Austen uses Mr Elliot to show how fickle Lady Russell is. We see here that she feels that he could not be â€Å"a more agreeable or estimable man† and that â€Å"Everything united in him; good understanding, correct opinions, knowledge of the world, and a warm heart†. This directly contrast her feeling in Chapter Fourteen where she states that â€Å"he is a man whom [she has] no wish to see† and that he had â€Å"left a very strong impression in his disfavour† with her when he declined to be â€Å"on cordial terms with the head of his family†. Here we also see that Mr Elliot is not as class conscious as Sir Walter and Elizabeth but he is more class conscious than Anne. In the next chapters Mr Elliot becomes even more of an obstacle in Anne and Wentworth’s relationship. We see what Anne’s opinion of him is; she thinks that whilst â€Å"Mr Elliot is an exceedingly agreeable man† he was â€Å"too generally agreeable†. This shows how shrewd Anne is, compared with the rest of her family and her close friends. Austen uses Mr Elliot more in the second half of the novel in order to distract Anne’s attention away from Wentworth. This can be seen in Chapter Twenty during the concert held for the benefit of a person patronised by Lady Dalrymple. We see that Mr Elliot successfully monopolises a lot of Anne’s time, which in turn makes Wentworth jealous. Wentworth now knows that he is still in love with Anne due to the attention she is receiving from Mr Elliot, but again due to the obstacle Mr Elliot presents he can not make his feelings known to Anne. However after Mrs Smith unmasks Mr Elliot for Anne after the concert, we see him for who he truly is. Here Wentworth and Mr Elliot can be compared and you can clearly see who the better person is out of the two. Wentworth is everything that Mr Elliot is not, for example Wentworth is open and spontaneous whereas Mr Elliot is polished and conceals his emotions. Another example where the two can be compared is when Wentworth helps Mrs Smith when Mr Elliot deserted her in her time of need after the death of her husband. Here Austen clearly wants to show the differences between the two characters, and it highlights how Wentworth is from a lower class and has made his own fortune through hard work and how Mr Elliot stands to inherit his fortune whilst not even being half the man Wentworth is. In conclusion it could be said that Mr Elliot is of vital significance to the novel and that Austen uses him to further the plot, especially between Anne and Wentworth. He is used to show the characters and the readers that even though he is from the upper classes it does not mean that he is better than any one else. This brings up the theme of the changing ideal of the gentlemen in Persuasion. Austen also uses him throughout the novel in relation to the major themes, for example family as well as love. How to cite Discuss Austen(TM)s use of Mr Elliot in Persuasion, Papers

Accounting Theory for Sustainable Built Environment-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAccounting Theory for Sustainable Built Environment. Answer: Introduction Emission of the green house gases is the major activity harming the environment today. In order to have a little control over the rapid climate change, the proposal of reporting on carbon emissions by the corporate has been introduced. Climate change has been referred to as the greatest environmental challenge which the world is facing currently. In order to have a control over emissions, many companies involved in the business of manufacturing or power supply have been required by the government to report on the carbon footprint (Flood, 2017) . The authorities are of the view that if high numbers are reported by these corporate, then they would take initiative in order to control the carbon emissions, so that the value of their company is not affected. Many countries have taken part in this initiative. In Australia the National greenhouse and energy reporting scheme was introduced, in order to meet up with international reporting standards and provide a single framework on energy co nsumption and carbon emissions reporting. This scheme is guided by the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 (Freeman, 2011). The scheme acts towards reducing the carbon emissions by the corporate in the country by making policies and conducting researches for the same. Literature Review The corporate are facing increased stress form the various shareholders, investors, stakeholders with respect to disclosures and measures for the carbon emissions. These are huge expenses related to carbon emissions. Some of these include heavy capital expenditure on the carbon efficient machinery and technology. The corporate are required to take steps in order to reduce the carbon footprint (Kauffmann, 2010). Huge expenditure on research is being made in order to produce carbon efficient products. The carbon emissions also define the risk profile of the corporate. Research has showed that the carbon emissions have impact on the value of the firm. These can be classified into three major heads. Firstly, the costs incurred due to mandatory reporting of carbon emissions by regulatory authorities, secondly, the costs in connection with capital expenditure for emission control and lastly the costs in correction with voluntary reporting of carbon emissions. In the article by Tony Nwanji in The Stakeholder Theory in the Modern Global Business Environment, the author has stated how the duty of the company is more than just earning profits (Nwanji, 2016). The stakeholder theory states that it is the responsibility of the company is more than just towards its shareholders. A stakeholder is any person who can be affected by the decision of the company. They include customers, employees, creditors, etc. Stakeholder theory plays a very important role in the corporate responsibility of the company. The companys which are involved in processes involving carbon emissions, have a duty towards the environment and the stakeholders. In order to fulfil their duty towards the stakeholders it is important that the corporate report on the carbon emission which is due to their activities. They should report on the measures take in order to offset the carbon emissions. In the paper - Institutional Theory as a Driver of CSR: An Integrative Framework, by Sanket Sunand Dash, the author has explained how the institutional theory just like stakeholder theory assists the company in corporate social responsibility (Dash, 2016). The institutional theory states that the behaviours of an institution is dependent and is affected by the factors it Is surrounded by. The social environment is one of such factors. Increasing globalisation has shown that the social factors have a huge impact on the behaviours of an organisation. Therefore, in the case of carbon emission the company will be obligated to report on the carbon footprint. The traces which they leave on the environment are likely to have affect on the organisation, which will result in better accountability. Just like the theories mentioned above the author James Guthrie in his work on legitimacy theory has explained how the companies seek to work within the boundaries which are set by the society (Guthrie, 2012). In other words they try to legitimate the work done by staying within the social boundaries. When an action of the organisation affects the social factors, then it is to have effect on the organisation. When polluting the environment, the organisation understands that they have breached a boundary. In order to make up to it and exist, they will be required to report on the same. All the theories above are of the view that there are some social obligations of the organisation. In order for them to meet up with these obligations the company will report on carbon emissions and that is likely to control the impact on environment. In our study below we have discussed in details the actual affect of reporting on carbon emissions. Analysis Environmental safety has become a very important taking into the climate change. Emission of the greenhouse gases by the corporate are the major contributors to the climate change. In order to control these emissions, many steps including establishment of legislation for reporting was tried to be implemented. But in vain, no step was put into action. Later, incidents like that of the BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico created the alarming need to control the harm being made to the environment. It was then that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) came into action and initiated the greenhouse gas reporting program. This became a law in the year 2010, and as a result almost all of the Top emitters of Greenhouse gases in US were made to report on the emission made by them. Later, the remaining emitters of the greenhouse gases were also required to mandatory report on the greenhouse gas emissions. It was the first and the foremost step which was taken in order to control the carbon emissions (Ihlen, 2009). Though it was expected from introduction of this legislation, that reporting will force these corporate to control the emissions, but no such major effect was noticed. Also, this act aimed the corporate to opt for more environment friendly products and processes, so that more consumers could be attracted, but the studies show no major claims for the same. Later in the year 2012, United Kingdom followed the step of United States, and made it mandatory for all the companies listed on the London stock exchange to report of the carbon emission (Scott, 2014). This made the listed companies in UK report on greenhouse gas emission yearly in their annual report. In the year 2006, the international standard on environment protection launched the ISO 14064 standard, which laid down the methods to control greenhouse gas emissions along with its reporting and monitoring (Schnapf, 2011). It was a globally recognised standard which was expected to launch both regulated and voluntary programs to protect the environment. The Paris Agreement in 2015 was set forward keeping in view the increasing danger to the environment due to climate change. The countries all over participated in this agreement with a view to reduce the carbon emissions for environment safety. The World economic forum in 2017 stated that the weather risk was the most significant issue which was to be faced by the businesses everywhere. In order to evaluate the result of corporate reporting on carbon emission, a lot of studies and researches were conducted. The studies indicate three possible effects of reporting (Rogers, 2015) . The theories discussed above in the literature review all point towards one conclusion, that is the company has some social obligations which makes is responsible to report on the harms to the environment done by it. But mere reporting on issues created is not a solution for these issues. There should be actions and penalties which the corporate should be entitled to in case of harm caused by it. They should be made to take measures in order to cut off the carbon emission and help protect the environment. Reporting on certain issues will only bring to attention to the problem, it is important solution be devised in order to solve the problem. Secondly, it may be said that the impact of carbon reporting will not immediately be seen (Strathern, 2010). The level of greenhouse gases has increased over the years and there effect has been increasingly see in the last few years. The researchers are of the view that the effect of reporting on these emissions will be witnessed with time. It is not important that the results will immediately be reflected by measures. Lastly, the measures of reporting lack impact oriented information. The corporate are required to report on the measures taken by them to control the carbon footprint, but it fails to calculate the impact of measures on the result (Wahlen, 2012). Therefore it is important that the corporate also report on the impact they are likely to have on carbon emissions and control. The impact of carbon reporting has been huge on the corporate worldwide. They have actively taken part and adopted the carbon management principles (CMP) in order to meet up with the regulations. The recent study showed that of the top 500 global companies only 43% took part in the reporting in 2004. This number increased gradually to 50% in 2010 and 82% in 2015 (Donanldson, 2012). Also these corporate allocated a part of their management in order to take responsibility for the issues related to climate related change. The theoretical knowledge and implementation of reporting was expected to have larger impact on carbon emission reporting. But practically the resultant effect was not at par (Wolk, 2013). The theories that have been mentioned above also state that the companies would fulfil their social obligations by reporting on the environmental issues caused by them. But this was not the actual result. Therefore, measures in order to ensure actual effects on the control of carbon emissions should be taken. Conclusions: It was faith in the policymakers and the companies that reporting on carbon emission and good management practices will help them control and have better performance in carbon control. Because of this faith, other policies and measures which were likely to have effect were not given much attention. It has now become a fact that the most comprehensive data on carbon emission and measures to control the emission have failed to show any major impact on the actual outcome. However it has still not been established that the failure to obtain major results is due to lack of data or due to lack of relationship between the corporate management principles and the performance or due to lack of emphasis of companies on the actual performance of management principles (Eliskandarani, 2014). The management need to opt for result oriented plans, so that the actual result on the carbon emissions can be accounted for. References Dash, S. S. (2016). INSTITUTIONAL THEORY AND CSR. Retrieved from www.anzam.org: https://www.anzam.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf-manager/2844_ANZAM-2016-407-FILE001.PDF Donanldson, T. (2012). Ethical issues in business. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Eliskandarani, E. (2014). Approaches to reducing carbon dioxide emissions in the built environment: Low carbon cities. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment . Flood, J. M. (2017). Wiley GAAP 2018. [S.l.]: JOHN WILEY. Freeman, K. P. (2011). Managing environmental risk through insurance. Boston (Mass.): Kluwer Academic Publishers. Guthrie, J. (2012). LEGITIMACY THEORY. Retrieved from www.csringreece.g: https://www.csringreece.gr/files/research/CSR-1290000469.pdf Ihlen, . (2009). Business and Climate Change: The. Norway: Routledge. Kauffmann, C. (2010). 10th OECD ROUNDTABLE ON CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY. TRANSITION TO A LOW-CARBON ECONOMY: . Nwanji, T. (2016). Retrieved from https://www.managementjournals.com: https://www.managementjournals.com/journals/ig/vol1/21-1-1-1.pdf Rogers, C. G. (2015). Financial Reporting of Environmental Liabilities and Risks after Sarbanes-Oxley . Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Schnapf, L. P. (2011). Environmental Issues in Business Transactions . Chicago, IIIl.: American Bar Assocation, Business Law Section. Scott, W. R. (2014). Financial Accounting Theory. Toronto: Pearson. Strathern, M. (2010). Audit cultures: anthropological studies in accountability, ethics and the academy. London: Routledge. Wahlen, J. M. (2012). The FASB Accounting Standards Codification: A User-Friendly Guide for Wahlen/Jones/Pagach's Intermediate Accounting Reporting Analysis . Mason, OH: South-Western Pub. Wolk, H. I. (2013). Accounting Theory: Conceptual Issues in a Political and Economic Environment. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.

Accounting Theory for Sustainable Built Environment-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAccounting Theory for Sustainable Built Environment. Answer: Introduction Emission of the green house gases is the major activity harming the environment today. In order to have a little control over the rapid climate change, the proposal of reporting on carbon emissions by the corporate has been introduced. Climate change has been referred to as the greatest environmental challenge which the world is facing currently. In order to have a control over emissions, many companies involved in the business of manufacturing or power supply have been required by the government to report on the carbon footprint (Flood, 2017) . The authorities are of the view that if high numbers are reported by these corporate, then they would take initiative in order to control the carbon emissions, so that the value of their company is not affected. Many countries have taken part in this initiative. In Australia the National greenhouse and energy reporting scheme was introduced, in order to meet up with international reporting standards and provide a single framework on energy co nsumption and carbon emissions reporting. This scheme is guided by the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 (Freeman, 2011). The scheme acts towards reducing the carbon emissions by the corporate in the country by making policies and conducting researches for the same. Literature Review The corporate are facing increased stress form the various shareholders, investors, stakeholders with respect to disclosures and measures for the carbon emissions. These are huge expenses related to carbon emissions. Some of these include heavy capital expenditure on the carbon efficient machinery and technology. The corporate are required to take steps in order to reduce the carbon footprint (Kauffmann, 2010). Huge expenditure on research is being made in order to produce carbon efficient products. The carbon emissions also define the risk profile of the corporate. Research has showed that the carbon emissions have impact on the value of the firm. These can be classified into three major heads. Firstly, the costs incurred due to mandatory reporting of carbon emissions by regulatory authorities, secondly, the costs in connection with capital expenditure for emission control and lastly the costs in correction with voluntary reporting of carbon emissions. In the article by Tony Nwanji in The Stakeholder Theory in the Modern Global Business Environment, the author has stated how the duty of the company is more than just earning profits (Nwanji, 2016). The stakeholder theory states that it is the responsibility of the company is more than just towards its shareholders. A stakeholder is any person who can be affected by the decision of the company. They include customers, employees, creditors, etc. Stakeholder theory plays a very important role in the corporate responsibility of the company. The companys which are involved in processes involving carbon emissions, have a duty towards the environment and the stakeholders. In order to fulfil their duty towards the stakeholders it is important that the corporate report on the carbon emission which is due to their activities. They should report on the measures take in order to offset the carbon emissions. In the paper - Institutional Theory as a Driver of CSR: An Integrative Framework, by Sanket Sunand Dash, the author has explained how the institutional theory just like stakeholder theory assists the company in corporate social responsibility (Dash, 2016). The institutional theory states that the behaviours of an institution is dependent and is affected by the factors it Is surrounded by. The social environment is one of such factors. Increasing globalisation has shown that the social factors have a huge impact on the behaviours of an organisation. Therefore, in the case of carbon emission the company will be obligated to report on the carbon footprint. The traces which they leave on the environment are likely to have affect on the organisation, which will result in better accountability. Just like the theories mentioned above the author James Guthrie in his work on legitimacy theory has explained how the companies seek to work within the boundaries which are set by the society (Guthrie, 2012). In other words they try to legitimate the work done by staying within the social boundaries. When an action of the organisation affects the social factors, then it is to have effect on the organisation. When polluting the environment, the organisation understands that they have breached a boundary. In order to make up to it and exist, they will be required to report on the same. All the theories above are of the view that there are some social obligations of the organisation. In order for them to meet up with these obligations the company will report on carbon emissions and that is likely to control the impact on environment. In our study below we have discussed in details the actual affect of reporting on carbon emissions. Analysis Environmental safety has become a very important taking into the climate change. Emission of the greenhouse gases by the corporate are the major contributors to the climate change. In order to control these emissions, many steps including establishment of legislation for reporting was tried to be implemented. But in vain, no step was put into action. Later, incidents like that of the BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico created the alarming need to control the harm being made to the environment. It was then that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) came into action and initiated the greenhouse gas reporting program. This became a law in the year 2010, and as a result almost all of the Top emitters of Greenhouse gases in US were made to report on the emission made by them. Later, the remaining emitters of the greenhouse gases were also required to mandatory report on the greenhouse gas emissions. It was the first and the foremost step which was taken in order to control the carbon emissions (Ihlen, 2009). Though it was expected from introduction of this legislation, that reporting will force these corporate to control the emissions, but no such major effect was noticed. Also, this act aimed the corporate to opt for more environment friendly products and processes, so that more consumers could be attracted, but the studies show no major claims for the same. Later in the year 2012, United Kingdom followed the step of United States, and made it mandatory for all the companies listed on the London stock exchange to report of the carbon emission (Scott, 2014). This made the listed companies in UK report on greenhouse gas emission yearly in their annual report. In the year 2006, the international standard on environment protection launched the ISO 14064 standard, which laid down the methods to control greenhouse gas emissions along with its reporting and monitoring (Schnapf, 2011). It was a globally recognised standard which was expected to launch both regulated and voluntary programs to protect the environment. The Paris Agreement in 2015 was set forward keeping in view the increasing danger to the environment due to climate change. The countries all over participated in this agreement with a view to reduce the carbon emissions for environment safety. The World economic forum in 2017 stated that the weather risk was the most significant issue which was to be faced by the businesses everywhere. In order to evaluate the result of corporate reporting on carbon emission, a lot of studies and researches were conducted. The studies indicate three possible effects of reporting (Rogers, 2015) . The theories discussed above in the literature review all point towards one conclusion, that is the company has some social obligations which makes is responsible to report on the harms to the environment done by it. But mere reporting on issues created is not a solution for these issues. There should be actions and penalties which the corporate should be entitled to in case of harm caused by it. They should be made to take measures in order to cut off the carbon emission and help protect the environment. Reporting on certain issues will only bring to attention to the problem, it is important solution be devised in order to solve the problem. Secondly, it may be said that the impact of carbon reporting will not immediately be seen (Strathern, 2010). The level of greenhouse gases has increased over the years and there effect has been increasingly see in the last few years. The researchers are of the view that the effect of reporting on these emissions will be witnessed with time. It is not important that the results will immediately be reflected by measures. Lastly, the measures of reporting lack impact oriented information. The corporate are required to report on the measures taken by them to control the carbon footprint, but it fails to calculate the impact of measures on the result (Wahlen, 2012). Therefore it is important that the corporate also report on the impact they are likely to have on carbon emissions and control. The impact of carbon reporting has been huge on the corporate worldwide. They have actively taken part and adopted the carbon management principles (CMP) in order to meet up with the regulations. The recent study showed that of the top 500 global companies only 43% took part in the reporting in 2004. This number increased gradually to 50% in 2010 and 82% in 2015 (Donanldson, 2012). Also these corporate allocated a part of their management in order to take responsibility for the issues related to climate related change. The theoretical knowledge and implementation of reporting was expected to have larger impact on carbon emission reporting. But practically the resultant effect was not at par (Wolk, 2013). The theories that have been mentioned above also state that the companies would fulfil their social obligations by reporting on the environmental issues caused by them. But this was not the actual result. Therefore, measures in order to ensure actual effects on the control of carbon emissions should be taken. Conclusions: It was faith in the policymakers and the companies that reporting on carbon emission and good management practices will help them control and have better performance in carbon control. Because of this faith, other policies and measures which were likely to have effect were not given much attention. It has now become a fact that the most comprehensive data on carbon emission and measures to control the emission have failed to show any major impact on the actual outcome. However it has still not been established that the failure to obtain major results is due to lack of data or due to lack of relationship between the corporate management principles and the performance or due to lack of emphasis of companies on the actual performance of management principles (Eliskandarani, 2014). The management need to opt for result oriented plans, so that the actual result on the carbon emissions can be accounted for. References Dash, S. S. (2016). INSTITUTIONAL THEORY AND CSR. Retrieved from www.anzam.org: https://www.anzam.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf-manager/2844_ANZAM-2016-407-FILE001.PDF Donanldson, T. (2012). Ethical issues in business. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Eliskandarani, E. (2014). Approaches to reducing carbon dioxide emissions in the built environment: Low carbon cities. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment . Flood, J. M. (2017). Wiley GAAP 2018. [S.l.]: JOHN WILEY. Freeman, K. P. (2011). Managing environmental risk through insurance. Boston (Mass.): Kluwer Academic Publishers. Guthrie, J. (2012). LEGITIMACY THEORY. Retrieved from www.csringreece.g: https://www.csringreece.gr/files/research/CSR-1290000469.pdf Ihlen, . (2009). Business and Climate Change: The. Norway: Routledge. Kauffmann, C. (2010). 10th OECD ROUNDTABLE ON CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY. TRANSITION TO A LOW-CARBON ECONOMY: . Nwanji, T. (2016). Retrieved from https://www.managementjournals.com: https://www.managementjournals.com/journals/ig/vol1/21-1-1-1.pdf Rogers, C. G. (2015). Financial Reporting of Environmental Liabilities and Risks after Sarbanes-Oxley . Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Schnapf, L. P. (2011). Environmental Issues in Business Transactions . Chicago, IIIl.: American Bar Assocation, Business Law Section. Scott, W. R. (2014). Financial Accounting Theory. Toronto: Pearson. Strathern, M. (2010). Audit cultures: anthropological studies in accountability, ethics and the academy. London: Routledge. Wahlen, J. M. (2012). The FASB Accounting Standards Codification: A User-Friendly Guide for Wahlen/Jones/Pagach's Intermediate Accounting Reporting Analysis . Mason, OH: South-Western Pub. Wolk, H. I. (2013). Accounting Theory: Conceptual Issues in a Political and Economic Environment. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.

Falsificationism Essays - Epistemology Of Science, Scientific Method

Falsificationism There is often a heated debate on whether or not a theory is scientific. This debate brings to light a problem named the demarcation problem. This problem simply asks how one distinguishes between science and non-science. This is a very important question especially in examining separation of church and state. The demarcation problem is apparent when schools are unsure as to whether or not they should teach creationism as a possible scientific theory. Schools are to teach science, but how does one tell the difference between a scientific theory and a theological one. In order to find a solution to the demarcation problem one might look towards falsificationism. Falsificationism states that a theory is scientific if and only if it is falsifiable or verifiable. In other words if a theory, T, is testable, then it is scientific. With falsificationism, guidelines are used to decipher between testable and not testable therefore scientific and non-scientific respectively. So by using falsif icationism consistently one should be able to solve the demarcation problem. But within falsificationism, some contradictions have arisen and from these, three versions of falsificationism have been formulated. Version one is as follows: A theory T is scientific if and only if it is possible to deduce from T at least one prediction about the results of observation. This theory states that a theory, in order to be scientific, needs no additional premises or auxiliary hypotheses in order to be tested. In order to show the error in this version, one needs to examine Newtonian mechanics. Newtonian mechanics are a number of theories that deal with the motion of objects when acted on by additional forces. If one were to use the premise set forth in version one when determining whether or not Newtonian mechanics is scientific, then those theories would result in being classified as non-scientific. This, however, is clearly not the case for Newtonian mechanics are the basis for much scientific work. The reason for these theories being misclassified, is that in order for Newtonian mechanics to be considered testable, one needs to include additional premises on the forces that have acted on the objec t and cause its motion. Because auxiliary hypotheses are needed, Newtonian mechanics is misclassified as non-scientific according to version one. The second version states that a theory T is scientific if and only if it is possible to deduce from T with auxiliary hypotheses, at least one prediction about the results of observation. This version tends to classify clearly non-scientific theories, as scientific by basing the test on unrelated, observation predictions. An example of how this is done is as follows. Let T be any theory. Let S be any statement in T. Then let O be any observation prediction. Finally, let A consist of if S then O. For example, the theory, T, to be proven scientific states that ghosts exist and are among us every day. This is then related to an observation prediction as follows. T is scientific if it snows more than two inches tomorrow. It is now possible to test the theory by basing the test on an unrelated observation prediction, which is the weather. Now that the theory is testable using the auxiliary hypothesis, by version two, it is considered to be scientific. This theory is clearly non-scientific but is still missclassified by version two. Because of the lack of specific guidelines in version two, this version lacks reliability. The final version, version three, says that a theory T is scientific if and only if it is possible to deduce from T with scientific auxiliary hypothesis, at least one prediction about the results of observation. Within this version lies a never-ending loop. This version is proposing a solution as to how to determine science from non-science, but in order to use this version one must already know what is and is not scientific in order to determine which auxiliary hypothesis can be used. Because the version must be used in defining a part of itself, it becomes circular and therefore totally unreliable. Philosophy Essays

Googles view on the future of business

Googles view on the future of business Thesis Statement Recent developments in the internet and software business especially the level of commercial aggression arising from competitors such as (Microsoft, Apple and Facebook) is making it quite hard for Google to conclude that its business model is secured in the near future and the distant future.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Googles view on the future of business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Considering that Google’s main source of revenue is from internet advertising, and software development and companies like Facebook and Twitter, Microsoft, Yahoo and other participants have considerably snatched a lot of business for them since they came into existence. Google has no option but to respond quickly and effectively with plans that will enable the company eliminate all weakness and forge in the future with a more stable business. Thus in order for Google to reduce the amount of ris ks and uncertainty that it is faced by the company, it may be forced to revise its business model and eliminate any elements that may pose a threat or cast a weakness upon their business model. Introduction Today’s business environment is highly dynamic and volatile. How commercial enterprises used to go about business yesterday is not the same today and thus companies don’t have the luxury to assume that the future will be as the same today as it was yesterday ( Kourdi 2009, 122). Everyday there are new trends emerging in the business world which either influence or act as a force of initiating change in the business community and if companies remain rigid, then they may find themselves in problems. Consumers are becoming more radical and more aware of their rights pushing companies to develop strategies that govern their marketing mix and overall business strategy (Kotler 2003, 161). The internet and computer software industry is a highly competitive industry that is extremely volatile with the new inventions hitting the market each and every day.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore industry participants who operate within this industry are often forced to use more aggressive strategies to ensure that their business models adapt to the ever changing environment (Beach 2011. 141) Google is a software and internet company that was founded in 1998. The Company is a multinational company that runs its internet business in almost every country of the world. Additionally, the company makes annual profits of over $ 7billion and an intelligent talented workforce of over 20,000 employees. Google has risen to be one of the most respected companies in the world, and thus has continuously aimed to improve its business amongst competitors such as Microsoft, Yahoo, Bing and Baidu and the various social sites that have arisen such as Facebook and Twitter (Beach 2011. 141). The future of most businesses is not certain and hence companies vigorously involve themselves in a successful strategy so that the levels of risks and uncertainty can be reduced (Boone 2010, 88). Google’s business platform involves the selling of many products and services such as Google’s famous Android Smartphone Handset, Google’s social sites such as Orkut and Buzz, Google’s Chrome OS, Google’s instant messenger Google talk and its various marketing and advertisement platforms that act as the main source of revenue for the company (Bhupendra 2011). Googles mission and vision is to provide simple yet leading technology to the millions of people using the internet, and therefore in order for Google to succeed in doing this the organization must make sure that it operates in a problem free environment by dissolving various problems facing the organization with the help of planning and strategy. Major problems and issues that Google needs to address Poor customer service value The lack of a well set customer support system within Google may act as a hindrance to the mission and vision of Google. Today’s business environment is full of sensitive customers therefore it is necessary that companies develop facilities that will assist the business to make sure that each query and expression of a consumer is properly captured and responded to within a reasonable time frame ( Koontz Weihrich 2009, 133). The line â€Å"we will not necessarily respond to your message† is normally a common feature of Google’s search engine unlike companies like Facebook which usually make sure they respond to the concerns of customers efficiently while Google does not and this may lead to the downfall of the company.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Googles view on the future of business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn M ore For strategy to work properly within an organization it is a must for an organization to treat a customer like king and come up with a mechanism that will respond to the need of consumers whenever need arises and the best mechanism for doing so is a fully equipped and well staffed customer care department (Bhupendra 2011). Yahoo one of Google’s largest competitor has a fairly stronger customer service and therefore this fact may rub well with consumers and hence dissatisfied consumers may consequently switch to where they think their opinion matters (Bhupendra 2011). It is important not for Google to recruit the best computer scientists and developers but also dedicate efforts towards implementing superior customer care facilities, because if consumer needs and desires are ignored this may prove problematic. Many companies have become successful because they have set up systems which can mine vital data from their consumers by the help of well established customer care centers (Kotler 2003,203 -211). The date that is collected from this stage is then used to formulate, implement, evaluate and control the various forms of strategies that exist within the organization. As a result the companies which have good strategies can easily navigate their way through present and future crises (Koontz Weihrich 2009, 53). Stiff Competition and Hostility Google may have recently gained ground on other business fronts but Facebook and Twitter has significantly threatened its dominance in the internet advertising industry (Bhupendra 2011). Additionally, the number of people who previously depended on PC’s and Laptops to access the internet is sharply falling since the introduction of smart phones, with the current increase in the number of people who are now using smart phones as their primary means of accessing the internet then Google’s previous assumptions that the Personal computer and Laptops would remain primary sources of placing adver tisement has been met wit astonishment. Internet advertisement companies have been forced to upgrade their technology and enter the mobile telephony advertisement industry. Competition between social sites and Google has also forced Google to enter into the social marketing media although Google’s penetration remains small (Bhupendra 2011).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus if Google intends to continue dominating the internet viral marketing atmosphere the company may be forced to either partner up with current dominant social sites or use other mechanisms to make sure their social sites such as Buzz and Orkut gain numbers as fast as possible. Away from internet advertising both Microsoft and yahoo are becoming more vigorous and thus pose a threat to Google’s dominance thus forcing Google to take part in continuous strategic consultations and evaluation in order to perform well. It should therefore become the duty of one department within Google to continuously gather competitive intelligence and consult with strategic heads in order to evaluate and control the strategy of Google (Kotler 2003, 211). Since Google has decided to start manufacturing hardware such as the Android Smartphone and developing other software such as the Chrome OS many previous business partners like Samsung, Intel, have seen this move as a bad move that threatens th eir business models and therefore are planning retaliatory moves against Google (Bhupendra 2011). Google’s inability Penetrate the Chinese market The Chinese market is one of the largest internet markets with close to 400 internet users and therefore gaining control over such a market would prove very profitable to the business of Google (Beach 2011 141). It is thus necessary that Google sets up proper mechanisms to make sure those negotiations with other Chinese companies’ bear’s fruit for the company. According to â€Å"China Digital Times†, Google mainly failed to negotiate the necessary syndication deals with Chinese partners (Beach 2011. 141). Although Google claimed that the Chinese government was behind its failure in China it should have been the duty of negotiating experts to make sure that the deal was renegotiated because China is a country with a long term potential of doing business. Therefore with Google not participating in the Chinese mark et other competitors may use this fact to compete against Google and destabilize Google’s business model. The amount of revenues that could be collected from China by Google could help the company conduct research and development and launch new product or fund their strategies (Kotler 2003, 43). Data Privacy and security problems Many users of the internet usually prefer that their anonymity be maintained and that their right to privacy be respected. Personal data belonging to users of Google products and software is only anonymized for up to 9 months thus leaving users of Google vulnerable when this timeframe expires. Therefore other individuals such as employees and even hackers can access the information and use this information to their advantage and even commit fraud or leak information which was considered private and confidential. Techniques that can be used to identify the problems In order for Google to correctly identify the extent to which this problems are likely to affect their business model the company could carry a market research thorough which a SWOT analysis and the use of porters model to accurately explain to what extent competition and rivalry can affect their business objectives (Kotler 2003, 88). A SWOT analysis for the company, a competitor analysis and an industry analysis would assist the company understands itself better. Additionally, Google will be able to compare itself with other close competitors and moreover, understand what the industry expects of software and internet companies who participate within the same industry such as such as Google, Mozilla, Bing, Baidu, Apple and others. The advantage of using a SWOT analysis is that both internal and external factors that influence a company’s business performance can all be determined so that the company can eliminate all weaknesses and threats and therefore maximize revenue streams and overall company performance by tapping into opportunities and strengths that the company possesses (Kourdi 2009, 122). It is therefore the duty of Google to conduct vigorous research to accurately identify elements of its SWOT analysis, Competitor intelligence reports and overall industry reports. Figure 1: The link between strategic planning and commercial success. The diagram above suggests that by putting in place strong strategy and executing it efficiently organizations face almost 100% certainty that they can succeed but if the strategy is weak it is more likely that the strategy will not succeed. Consequently, it is true to conclude that if Google goes forward to carefully conduct research and gather relevant data it will be possible for the company to address the route course of their problems, and become a more formidable company (Czinkota 1998, 44). Recommendations The results of the SWOT analysis, the competitor intelligence reports and industry reports will be crucial in making the necessary recommendations that will help reduce the impact that may arise out of the problems that Google faces. In order for Google to be more in touch with the feelings, taste and preferences needs and queries of their customers it is thus a must that the company puts in place a highly efficient customer care structure. A good customer care strategy will make sure that any shifts in customer care behavior are detected early and thus appropriate action will be taken to make sure that the customer is happy and satisfied. The customer care services may either be formed in various regions in the world to deal with the large number of consumers or even outsourced to one single country where cheap labor can be found. Due to the stiff nature of competition within the industry Google should therefore embark on establishing a competitive intelligence unit who will work hand in hand with the strategic development department. This move will enable Google be able to continuously monitor and evaluate their strategy in a real-time basis and thus make any chang es depending on the actions of the competitors. Furthermore Google can alternatively look for other options which may allow it to collaborate with its more hostile partners who do not like the fact that Google has entered into their business field. Google should also step up its negotiations with the Chinese government and give in to reasonable demands because their absence in the Chinese market can injure their corporate ambitions. Furthermore if this option does not work Google can alternatively look for means by which it will enter into a collaborative business with Baidu thus making their presence certain in China. Following many complaints and lawsuits concerning Data Privacy and security problems, Google should put more effort and force its developers to come up with techniques that will allow the company to successfully develop methods that would protect the security of all customers whom use their products. Evaluate the pros and cons of various action alternatives The advant age of carrying out vigorous research through a SWOT analysis, a competitor analysis and an industry analysis would give Google Leverage that would enable the company to set out the appropriate strategy. Information is power and with power strategic heads of a company can more effectively put in place the right strategic choices. The dangers that are attached to carrying out strategic changes in the absence of research may offer a cheaper option but may result to weaker strategies that may obviously fail in the process of execution (Kourdi 2009, 122). Research makes it more possible to gather accurate and unbiased information on the competitors, the company’s internal and external environment together with competitive intelligence information. But if the company sees that it lacks the capacity for it to carryout research by itself, then the company should outsource and contract other companies who have more experience to carry out research on their behalf (Katakota Robinson 2001, 133). Although this may be the most expensive option it is far the best option because third parties are more likely to be more unbiased and professional in their work depending on their previous track record. Conclusion Google’s current and future success largely depends on the way the organization will chose to tackle the various problems that are affecting its current business model. Many businesses face problems but the role of planning and setting strategies is a very important issue as it assists businesses resolve their problems and emerge victorious when crises hit their organizations. It is thus the role of the company’s leadership conduct research and use the data which they have obtained from carrying the research to make valid and efficient strategies that would make sure that the current problems are solved so that the organization can move forward and even beat its competitors in business. The failure of organizations to take part in strategic plann ing may lead to loss of market share and revenues hence prevent a company from achieving its mission and vision. References Bhupendra, R. (2011). 10 Reasons why Google may fail in the Future. Web. Beach, S. (2011). Google’s Future in China Uncertain. Web. Boone, L. (2010). Contemporary Business. NJ New Jersey: Wiley Sons. Czinkota, R. M. (1998). Trends in international business. Malden MA: Blackwell Publishing. Gaudin, S. (2010). Google, Facebook battle for future of the Web: Could Googles Achilles heel be showing as Facebook teams up with Microsoft? Web. Katakota, R. Robinson, M. (2001). E-Business 2.0 Roadmap for success. NJ New Jersey: Pearson Education. Koontz, H. Weihrich, H. (2009). Essence of Management an International Perspective, New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill. Kotler, P. (2003). Marketing Insights from A to Z: 80 concepts every manager needs to know. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons Inc. Kourdi, J. (2009). Business Strategy: A Guide to Effective Decision Making, (2 edn ), New York: Economist books.

Corporate Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corporate Responsibility - Essay Example The litigation involves Pelman vs McDonald Inch on the ground that the corporation intentionally misleads their customers about the health products and services they offer through their false advertisements. The plaintiff argues that the consumption of fast food from MacDonald Corporation could have partially contributed to the overweight, obesity and heart disease; thus deterioration of health. The respondent denied the allegation by arguing that they are not accountable for the decisions made by the plaintiff to consume their fast food products. Discussions MacDonald Corporation and other fast food restaurants should be held accountable for selling harmful products, failing to caution consumers of the risks of a high-fat diet, and misleading advertising. This is because high consumption of products and services from fast food industries has become the major cause for health problems in the United States. The research on business ethics demands corporations to be socially accountabl e for their actions or activities. ... MacDonald and other fast food industries have been frequently ranked among the producers of unhealthy food, which have contributed to varied health problems to children (Mello, Rimm, and Studdert, 2013). These fast food companies should be judged for making deceptive advertisements arguing that their products and services offer health solutions to consumers and yet they create more health problems. Wharton (2005) argues that obesity have raised many difficult marketing questions regarding the issue of junk food and deceptive advertisements made by fast food industries. Childhood obesity, which is linked by consuming sugar-laden fruit juice, chips, Oreos and other non-nutritious snack foods have raised a major health concern in the U.S government. The new government research pointed some of the culprits behind the cause for increased childhood obesity. MacDonald Company was among the identified company with pending litigation about their deceptive advertisements and not being socially responsible for their actions, which has left many children with health problems. Although the major aim of the company is to make profits, they should carry out their business with ethical concern of not causing harm to their potential customers. The decision made by the U.S government for fast food industries to stop advertising harmful products to kids has raised some concern within fast food industries. These companies advertise their product knowingly that there is something wrong with the advertisement; thus they deserve to be judged negligent and warned about such actions. Although it is not easy for marketers to change their products overnight because they will run risk of changing their products

Enough Money, a Room and an Androgynous Mind of Ones Own Essay

Enough Money, a Room and an Androgynous Mind of Ones Own - Essay Example This was why there has been no substantial tradition of women writers. Woolf pays tribute to the women writers of the past, who had to surmount infinite obstacles and insults, and who, in doing so, made the way so much smoother for the women writers who came after them. Woolf acknowledges that things are changing, and that even more significant changes are in the offing. However, influential men like Mr Oscar Browning still make pronouncements such as "the best woman [is] intellectually the inferior of the worst man." She shrewdly analyzes such remarks to be the consequence of man's insecurity when challenged by modern woman's demands for 'equality.' Woolf herself subscribes to a more balanced point of view, expressed in the last section of the book: All this pitting of sex against sex . . . all this claiming of superiority and imputing of inferiority, belong to the private-school stage of human existence where there are 'sides', and it is necessary for one side to beat another side . . .. As people mature they cease to believe in sides . . . Men and women as individuals can attain heights of creative achievement only when the masculine and the feminine parts of their personality are in harmony, as was the case with Shakespeare.

Nutrition and Dietetics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Nutrition and Dietetics - Essay Example Among the most common lifestyle, medical complications associated to poor dietary include obesity, diabetes and ulcers among others. This implies that food is an important determinant of the spread and the ability of individuals to manage their medical histories. The dietary balance provides an effective means of eradicating some of the diseases. Nutritionists carry out extensive researches through which they determine the best foods and nutritious value in the foods thus influencing patients’ diet in order to fasten the healing process. The body requires adequate energy to facilitate such basic functions as respiration. After ensuring the provision of such basic amounts of energy to the body, the nutritionists thus engage in the discovery of nutritious content that influence the genes of the patients thus hastening the healing process. Nutrigenomics help nutritionists by providing the relationship between nutrients and the numerous diets. Effective research in the branch of n utritional genomics thus helps determine the most appropriate food for diverse medical conditions (Artemis, 2010). Study of genotype in the treatment approach to T1DM Genetics plays a role in T1DM . There is a genetic predisposition in the occurrence of the disease. This is related to Mendelian genetics where the expression of the genes is based on the dominant or the recessive ones. This is where the phenotypic expression of the genes or allele come into play in the treatment used or T1DM. In doing this, the treatment adopts an approach which looks for expressive genes for insulinase. Any defects noted in relation to this are then noted earlier for the adoption of the right lifestyle factors. All this is made possible y learning the genotype in terms of allele expression. Muller (2003) notes that adopting an approapriate risk free lifestyle should then be embraced. Insulin in the genotype of T1DM The absence of insulin in the body thus results in the increase of the blood sugar lev el as the glucose levels go unregulated. Diabetes mellitus is the most common diabetes. The causes of the disease vary with most being lifestyle complications. The study of genotype is fundamental in the treatment and prevention of the disease since among the most common causes includes the ingestion of more sugar. As stated earlier, Nutrigenomics is the study of the relationship between nutrients in the foods people eat and the structure of the cells. This makes Nutrigenomics integral in the formulation of effective dietary combinations to help mitigate the susceptibility of the form of diabetes. Researches have shown that the disease arises from numerous eating disorders, which Nutrigenomics can therefore help alleviate. Possible Solution to T1DM Currently, the above condition presents a challenge to the medical world. This is because the condition has no known therapeutic cure. In fact, the condition can only be managed administered insulin shots. However, the appropriate solutio n as presented by Brethauer (2013) would be to adopt an appropriate attitude and behavior in terms of nutrition as well as lifestyle. One should exercise frequently and avoid potential risks such as fatty and sugary foodstuffs. Limitations of the study of genotype in the treatment of T1DM However, Nutrigenomics has several limitations key among which is that it takes time. Unlike drugs that

Rational Choice Theory: Death Penalty

Rational Choice Theory: Death Penalty The death penalty has been debated over and over with no clear solution to whether it should be continued or be abolished. One thing is clear and to provide an argument for the death penalty can be made with the rational choice theory (RCT)/deterrence theory (DT). In their model, Cornish and Clark (1986) understood that people are not empty vessel when they approach a situation in which a crime might be committed (Lilly, Cullen, Ball, 2007, p. 276). Environmental, psychological, and biological factors create the motivations to commit crimes. The rational choice theory is advancement towards the causation of crime because it looks beyond the background factors and looks more at conscious decision makers who weigh options and act with a purpose (Lilly, Cullen, Ball, 2007, p. 277). The basic idea of the rational choice theory is that individuals or criminals engage in some intelligent thought before choosing to commit a crime (OConnor, 2007, para. 2). This means that the individual is already thinking of the risk, consequences, and possible rewards if they continue on with the thought of committing a crime. The other side of the RCT is the DT. As RCT would explain, individuals make a personal choice on whether they will commit a crime or not. The RCT suggests a more promising approach to reducing crime: situational crime prevention. By studying how offenders make decisions to commit criminal acts certain steps may be taken to reduce such opportunities for these offenses to occur (Lilly, Cullen, Ball, 2007, p. 277). By installing such things as alarm systems could prevent a potential burglary on your own but this is also a purpose of the deterrence theory. With regards to the death penalty, the assessment of action weighs the benefit of killing someone (for financial gain, revenge, etc.) against the threat of death and a possible result is that offenders would not make a choice to murder someone because of the threat of dying themselves at the hands of the government. Both the rational choice theory and deterrence theory work together when answer the call to murder and whether the death penalty is a rational punishment for committing a murder. Once again, the rational choice theory is explained by the personal choice made by the individual to commit a crime. The deterrence theory is the answer to that personal choice to commit a crime or for the purpose of this explanation; murder justified by the death penalty should suffice an effective deterrent to committing murders. To many this sounds good, you commit yourself to following through on a murder; you receive the death penalty but as it common knowledge that death penalty is not given to individuals all of time for committing murders. Therefore, the rational choice theory and deterrence theory immediately receives criticisms for a solution to preventing murders. Why does this happen? Our justice system pretty much tells us that for example, killing your wife because you just found out she was having an extra-marital affair does not necessarily mean you will get the death penalty. You have expert lawyers and then poorly constructed juries that defeats ideas of the rationa l choice and deterrence theories. Rational choice and deterrence theories are supposed to provide quick, swift, and certain death to offenders who commit murders but as mentioned before, this is not always the right or correct answer. Though both theories serve to the answer the question of whether or not a murder is a rational choice made by an individual and the quick answer to it, they also unfortunately lay down the issues with rational choice and deterrence as a solution to committing a murder. The problems within our justice system allow those who are on death row to extend their time alive because of appeals thus defeating both theories. According to Montaldo (2006), The U.S. Supreme Court has issued two rulings that make it easier for death row inmates to file additional appeals to avoid execution, extending the appeals process for many of the 3,300 inmates on death row and delaying justice for the families of their victims (para. 1). Final thoughts on the rational choice and deterrence theories as solutions to murder have issues but both can work and for the death penalty to serve the purposes of both, the justice system must make some changes. Death penalty cases are expensive from the court time sentencing to the actual execution can last for years because of the number of appeals for possible mishaps in the case or any other problems the individual could have with their case for example, rights violations, arguments for cruel and unusual punishment can all bring up points for new case. Unfortunately, this does happen and a death penalty sentence may get reduce to life in prison and most of the time without parole. However, some instances, individuals do get parole and release back into society and commit more crimes. To limit things like that, the rational choice theory and deterrence theory could be utilized to limit such instances. Right now, the death penalty cannot be used as deterrent in our current justi ce system because of some of the mentioned. If the theories were used, they could really provide a deterrent to murder. How would conflict theory explain the phenomenon of racial profiling in America? The conflict theory is based on an assumption that criminal behavior is delivered from the social and economical forces imposed on individuals. The criminal justice system and criminal law are thought to be operating on behalf of rich and powerful social elites, with resulting policies aimed at controlling the poor (Conflict, 2005, para. 1). The hierarchy falls as follows: High class society, Middle class society, Lower class society. The rich and powerful has always had the upper hand when establishing policy for the country. Much of that power came from capitalism. As stated by Lilly, Cullen, Ball (2007), capitalism was considered to be at the root of the conflict because it was taken to be the source of the unjust inequality (p. 151). In many opinions, capitalism makes the rich people richer while the rest are left behind thus defeating the 2nd Bill of Rights proposed by former President Roosevelt. In his State of the Union Address to Congress, FDR proposed a 2nd Bill of Rights b ecause of the capitalism had over run the country. The highlights of FDRs speech are the 5 specific Bill of Rights and they are provided for Woolley Peters (1990): Therefore, in order to concentrate all our energies and resources on winning the war, and to maintain a fair and stable economy at home, I recommend that the Congress adopt: (1) A realistic tax law-which will tax all unreasonable profits, both individual and corporate, and reduce the ultimate cost of the war to our sons and daughters. The tax bill now under consideration by the Congress does not begin to meet this test. (2) A continuation of the law for the renegotiation of war contracts-which will prevent exorbitant profits and assure fair prices to the Government. For two long years I have pleaded with the Congress to take undue profits out of war. (3) A cost of food law-which will enable the Government (a) to place a reasonable floor under the prices the farmer may expect for his production; and (b) to place a ceiling on the prices a consumer will have to pay for the food he buys. This should apply to necessities only; and will require public funds to carry out. It will cost in appropriations about one percent of the present annual cost of the war. (4) Early reenactment of the stabilization statute of October, 1942. This expires June 30, 1944, and if it is not extended well in advance, the country might just as well expect price chaos by summer. We cannot have stabilization by wishful thinking. We must take positive action to maintain the integrity of the American dollar. (5) A national service law- which, for the duration of the war, will prevent strikes, and, with certain appropriate exceptions, will make available for war production or for any other essential services every able-bodied adult in this Nation. These five measures together form a just and equitable whole. I would not recommend a national service law unless the other laws were passed to keep down the cost of living, to share equitably the burdens of taxation, to hold the stabilization line, and to prevent undue profits. (p. 1) Though this was a dream of FDR, it never came to pass but if it did chances are that the separations between the classes may not have ever occurred. Unfortunately, a separation did occur and created why as to the reason in which the conflict theory exists. Inequality is now a part of our society and will stay that way until the people want change. In the United States, the competitions for decent paying jobs are overloaded with applicants vying for jobs that would provide a decent living for their families. Those at the lowest level of the socio-economic ladder often find themselves working jobs with poor pay and using that little money to pay for insurances e.g. life, health, etc. Even with the Civil Rights Act, Affirmative Action, and other things meant to help there still lies the shadow of inequality in the United States thus leaving most individuals in poverty for their entire existence. In the United States, our poorest people are minorities including African Americans and Hispanics and it is easy to be placed into a group and most of the time those particular groups are targeted by police as bad seeds that want to upset the balance of the rich and powerful or the upper class of society. Trying to get a piece of the pie falls short and therefore commits crimes making it easier for racial profiling to occur. In other words, police are able to target whole groups of people that are minorities in order not to mess up the way of life for the upper class of society. The constant harassment makes the minority people feel fear of rebellion and maintains the inequality that benefits the upper level of society. By being the top of the pyramid, these people are able to dictate the rules to the lower masses and are doing so by implementing (or trying to implement) racial profiling. If a group of society is always in fear of being accused of crimes they did not commit, they are unlikely to find a common and loud voice of protest but by still having the ability to vote maybe there could be a change in the thought process of societys upper class. It is truly unclear on whether President Barack Obama can keep his promise of change alive but many people in the lower socio-economic classes believe that the change can and will happen. Also, there is no guarantee that if the classes were equal that crime would not exist because even those with all the money still commit crimesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦hence Bernard Madoff. Can the concept of rational choice involve passionate crimes? Explain and defend your answer. Yes, because the rational choice theory blames the crime on the personal decision of the individual. The belief that human nature was predicated upon the search for pleasure and the avoidance of pain, and that human action was consequently organized around calculative strategies aimed at utility maximization (Hayward, 2007, p. 233). The deliberate acts done in passion crimes are calculated in short periods of time. Many times the actions in passion crimes are usually at a moments notice and therefore are judged as ill advised, if not foolish (Lilly, Cullen, Ball, p. 277). The rational choice theory ultimately teaches that people make decisions to act or not to act based whether the actions would satisfy the main objective. Crimes of passion is a term used to define a crime which is committed by an individual in the form of assault or murder against a spouse or a lover out of jealousy or heartbreak and is not a preplanned crime. The thinking process is based on the limited amount of information available to the individual but it is common knowledge that the brain reacts faster than the body can process the signal and therefore even if in a split second to stop the first blow it may not be stop in time. So, when a person says they cannot stop themselves from acting what they are truly trying to say is that there is no need to suffer the pain or difficulty it would cause them from carrying out the criminal act. The most common example of a crime of passion is when a husband discovers his wife is having affair with another man and out of jealousy he can murder her. Peoples brain can make the choice to eliminate the pain of a breakup by covering it with anger, frustrations, and pain. With enough pain built up, there is usually a lot of trouble for the one who caused it. The choice being made is one that is rationalized. I believe that most courts in the United States understand crimes of passion and incarceration is the end game because though it was choice or decision it is understood that the act happened without a clear thought. However, it is still a poor decision, but a choice that brings instant satisfaction and delays pain. Therefore, explaining that the decisions in crimes of passions can be understood with the use of the rational choice theory.

Culture in the Poem Blessing :: Imtiaz Dharker

The title of the poem is ''Blessing'' and the poet is called Imtiaz Dharker. In my essay I will be looking at how the poet describes a culture different from our own and explaining how the poet brings this culture to life through his use of poetic techniques. The poem is set in a third world country which is in desperate need for water. A municipal pipe bursts and suddenly there is a flurry of people rushing to get that much desired water. The title of the poem is very significant. The title penetratingly outlines how precious they view the water to be. He does this by titling the poem ''Blessing''. Water is something which most people take for granted, so by making this the title he emphasizes the value they place upon the water. The poet highlights how much value they place upon the water in the fourth stanza when the pipe bursts by using word choice. ''As their blessings sing'' is the quote from the poem and the effect of this is that it gives you a sense of harmony. The words sum up a peaceful ending for the last two stanzas where the mood of the poem changes from desperation to the contrast of greatfulness. The poet has chosen the phrase ''blessings sing'' as when put together it has conitations of bountful amounts of happiness which accuratly shows their joy and relief they would of felt in that moment of time. I think the poet has used this quote to symbolise the end of a struggle which turned into a celebratio n and the word ''sing'' to create the passion for the villagers in that moment. The poet uses examples of imagery in this poem. The poet uses a simile in the first line of the first stanza to start off the poem. The simile she uses is ''the skin cracks like a pod''. The opening of the poem gives a clear message that something is severely wrong. A pod cracks with barely any resistance so the comparison to the skin is a unreserved statement outlining how easily the skin is. There is obviously a drought or a vast undersupply of water. The opening surprises the reader and gives an indication of what is to come. The poet uses a short and abrupt line which is effective The poet uses a effective metaphor in the second stanza of the poem, ''a roar of tongus''. Culture in the Poem Blessing :: Imtiaz Dharker The title of the poem is ''Blessing'' and the poet is called Imtiaz Dharker. In my essay I will be looking at how the poet describes a culture different from our own and explaining how the poet brings this culture to life through his use of poetic techniques. The poem is set in a third world country which is in desperate need for water. A municipal pipe bursts and suddenly there is a flurry of people rushing to get that much desired water. The title of the poem is very significant. The title penetratingly outlines how precious they view the water to be. He does this by titling the poem ''Blessing''. Water is something which most people take for granted, so by making this the title he emphasizes the value they place upon the water. The poet highlights how much value they place upon the water in the fourth stanza when the pipe bursts by using word choice. ''As their blessings sing'' is the quote from the poem and the effect of this is that it gives you a sense of harmony. The words sum up a peaceful ending for the last two stanzas where the mood of the poem changes from desperation to the contrast of greatfulness. The poet has chosen the phrase ''blessings sing'' as when put together it has conitations of bountful amounts of happiness which accuratly shows their joy and relief they would of felt in that moment of time. I think the poet has used this quote to symbolise the end of a struggle which turned into a celebratio n and the word ''sing'' to create the passion for the villagers in that moment. The poet uses examples of imagery in this poem. The poet uses a simile in the first line of the first stanza to start off the poem. The simile she uses is ''the skin cracks like a pod''. The opening of the poem gives a clear message that something is severely wrong. A pod cracks with barely any resistance so the comparison to the skin is a unreserved statement outlining how easily the skin is. There is obviously a drought or a vast undersupply of water. The opening surprises the reader and gives an indication of what is to come. The poet uses a short and abrupt line which is effective The poet uses a effective metaphor in the second stanza of the poem, ''a roar of tongus''.

Drama: Daydreams and nightmares

The issue we were set to explore in the lessons was daydreams and nightmares. I enjoyed doing this topic because it allows you to act out scenes that are not real and what normal people think about in their everyday life. It also allows you to express your own thoughts. I think that nightmare chair is a very effective way of putting across to the audience what has happened during the course of the play. We started the topic off with nightmare chair. In groups of six we had to make up a play with the second scene as nightmare chair. Our group found it very hard to think of a nightmare to do. So we ended up with our story being about a boy called Jack, who dared his friend, Paul, to walk across the railway track. However while Paul was walking back a train crushed him. This meant that Jack, who dared his friend, was having the nightmare. Jack had to sit in the middle and everyone else in a circle around him. We were chanting things like ‘ You shouldn't have done that', ‘you killed my best friend' and ‘you killed my son'. We then had to develop our plays so that they had the beginning of the story, then the nightmare chair, and then the end of the story. We had to have a monologue at the beginning of the story, but it could not tell the whole story. I found that making up the beginning and the end was harder to make up then the nightmares was. This was probably because we had the middle of the play and had to work around that. We then began the daydream part of the topic. We started off by reading a few pages of a play, Ernie's Great Hallucinations. This play was about a boy who used to daydream a lot however in his hallucinations they actual came true. The part we read was when Ernie and his Auntie May had gone to a fair, and the go to see a boxing match. The boxer want to win loses and the winner challenges anyone from the audience to go and fight him. No one from the audience goes so Auntie May goes in. that's when Ernie starts to daydream that his Auntie becomes the world unofficial champion and she does. We got to read the play once and then had to make our own interpretation of it from memory. This helped us to give us an idea of how we could do our next task. In different groups of six we had to make up our own versions of Ernie's hallucinations. We had two choice of how to do our plays. We could either have the daydream affect real life or just have it as a normal daydream. We chose to have the daydream affect real life. The play was about a girl called Edwina who wanted to become a super model. One day she was in her maths class and she started to daydream about being a world famous model and winning an award for being the worlds most beautiful model. Then the next day at school teacher asks for Edwina's homework and tells him she did not do it because she was modelling we then realise that her daydream was not actually a dream but did actually happened. When we first started doing the play no one liked it. NIGHTMARE CHAIR. In the nightmare chair play I did not have a very big part. I was the passer-by at the railway station. When Paul gets crushed I offer Jack my mobile to call the ambulance. When Jack is having a nightmare I walk around him saying ‘you shouldn't have done that.' My character thought that the boys should have had more sense than to play near the railway tracks. She was always looking up from her paper as she thought they were up to no good whish they were. When I offered Jack my phone I had to make my voice sound panicky and had to rush my words to show that she was thinking quickly about what to do next. When doing the nightmare chair I had to make my voice sound flat and cold, so that it sounded like we were all blaming Jack for killing Paul. I think my performance as an individual could have been improved by me learning my words correctly and knowing when and how to say them. I think I could have also improved my performance by making my actions clear and confident, because I was not sure what I should have been doing all the time. As a group our performance could have been improved by making sure everyone knew exactly what they were saying and when they should be saying it, so that we did not have so many pauses. We have made our actions more confident. DAYDREAMS. In our play about Ernie's hallucinations I played the part of Eddie Edwards. I was the boxer that lost. My character Eddie was a boxer and probably thought of himself as a tough and very good boxer. However he was not because he got knock out during the first round. In this play I did not have to speak, so I did not have to change my voice to suit the part I was playing. However I was mainly acting, so my actions had to good. I had to keep my hands in a tight ball, and close to my head. I also have my back slightly bent in order to give the affect that I was boxing. For our main play I played the part of a clever girl in Edwina's class, and I was a person watching Edwina's fashion show. My character in Edwina' s class always had her hand up to answer a question. She was a very clever and liked to show off she was not a very interesting person. As a little girl in Edwina's class I had to make my voice hi pitched and sound child like. When I has to recite my two times table I had to make my voice quite loud and make my mouth movement bigger like a young girls would. As the person watching the fashion show I did not have to say much. My actions as the little girl had to be different too. When I was sitting down I hard to sit up straight and place my hand straight up in the air when a question was asked. When I was playing the person watching the fashion show I had try to act posh. I tried to put this across when I clapped at Edwina. I had to clap very delicately and with my tips of my fingers. Making my voice louder and not being so self-conscience could have improved my individual performance. I could have also made my actions more precise and confident. I think everyone learning their lines so they do not stutter and leave long pauses could have improved the whole groups performance. CONCLUSION. When we were first trying to make up the play no one really like it, and we had a lot of problems acting it. No one could put in the effort to make the play look and sound good, but after we listened to everyone's ideas and thought of better ways to end it I think we made a very well acted performance.

Considering All Sides of the Era essays

Considering All Sides of the Era essays World Civilizations 10-7 Andrew Perron Thesis Paper 5/6/01 Between 1789 and 1799 France was going through great turmoil. Immense political and social upheavals were commonplace in the changing nation. New ideas were growing, ideas of freedom, government and of self-expression. Such new attitudes by the people gave rise to a new style of clothing. The clothing became more expressive and more ornate. People began to dress the way they wanted. French soon became the center stage for fashion. The French revolution, while failing in many aspects did one thing no one expected. The French revolution created a new image of fashion in France. There are several reasons that contributed to this occurrence. New beliefs of freedom, equality and self-expression each contributed to this new era of clothes. One major contributor to this new image in France was the new belief in freedom. This was a time in France were the tides were changing and the power over the country was moving from the hands of the Old regime to the Bougiose. As this occurred this working class felt a new freedom, and a respect for freedom that they had never felt before under the iron fists of the nobles. Such ideas broke the people away from their normal standards and every day drab. With a new freedom new ideas started to pop up everywhere. These new ideas led to the creation of the new costume... reproduced in Englands The Home Circle (Ewing, 123). With the new freedom people of all sorts started to speak up and voice their desires. This caused a revolution in fashion for France with the invention of the sewing machine and other cloth production machines the ideas quickly became vast quantities of fabrics (Ewing, 105). As restrictions gave way to freedom many old ideas gave way to new ones. With this newfou nd freedom womens wear especially went through a slow reform for wome...

Free Essays on The Treatment Of Women In The Odyssey

The Treatment of Women by Men in Homer’s The Odyssey Women in Homer’s The Odyssey are judged mainly by looks. If important men and gods consider a woman beautiful, or if her son is a hero or important king the woman is successful. The way women in The Odyssey are treated is based on appearance, the things men want from them, and whether the woman has any power over men. During Odysseus’ journey to the underworld he sees the shades of many prominent women. We hear about their beauty, their important sons, or their affairs with gods. We hear nothing about these women’s accomplishments in their lifetime. Odysseus tells how Antiope could â€Å"boast a god for a lover,†(193) as could Tyro and many other women. Epikaste was called â€Å"that prize†(195) her own son unwittingly married. Some women are known for the deeds of their sons, but never for a heroic deed of their own, their personalities, who they are, and what they do independent of males. It seems the only accomplishment women could achieve was be ing beautiful. Theseus â€Å"had no joy of†(195) the princess Ariadne because she died before this was possible. Homer makes it sound as if Ariadne’s life was useless because she did not give Theseus pleasure. The only woman we hear of for a different reason is Klymene, and we only hear of her because she â€Å"betrayed her lord for gold.†(195) This is the only time we hear of a woman for something she did, and once we do, it is a negative remark. Penelope, Odysseus’ queen, is paid attention to only because of her position. Because she has a kingdom, she has suitors crowding around her day and night. Being a woman, Penelope has no control over what the suitors do and cannot get rid of them. The suitors want her wealth and her kingdom. They do not respect her enough to stop feeding on Odysseus’ wealth; they feel she owes them something because she won’t marry one of them. One of the suitors, Antinoos, tells Telemakhos â€Å"...but... Free Essays on The Treatment Of Women In The Odyssey Free Essays on The Treatment Of Women In The Odyssey The Treatment of Women by Men in Homer’s The Odyssey Women in Homer’s The Odyssey are judged mainly by looks. If important men and gods consider a woman beautiful, or if her son is a hero or important king the woman is successful. The way women in The Odyssey are treated is based on appearance, the things men want from them, and whether the woman has any power over men. During Odysseus’ journey to the underworld he sees the shades of many prominent women. We hear about their beauty, their important sons, or their affairs with gods. We hear nothing about these women’s accomplishments in their lifetime. Odysseus tells how Antiope could â€Å"boast a god for a lover,†(193) as could Tyro and many other women. Epikaste was called â€Å"that prize†(195) her own son unwittingly married. Some women are known for the deeds of their sons, but never for a heroic deed of their own, their personalities, who they are, and what they do independent of males. It seems the only accomplishment women could achieve was be ing beautiful. Theseus â€Å"had no joy of†(195) the princess Ariadne because she died before this was possible. Homer makes it sound as if Ariadne’s life was useless because she did not give Theseus pleasure. The only woman we hear of for a different reason is Klymene, and we only hear of her because she â€Å"betrayed her lord for gold.†(195) This is the only time we hear of a woman for something she did, and once we do, it is a negative remark. Penelope, Odysseus’ queen, is paid attention to only because of her position. Because she has a kingdom, she has suitors crowding around her day and night. Being a woman, Penelope has no control over what the suitors do and cannot get rid of them. The suitors want her wealth and her kingdom. They do not respect her enough to stop feeding on Odysseus’ wealth; they feel she owes them something because she won’t marry one of them. One of the suitors, Antinoos, tells Telemakhos â€Å"...but...